Why Do People Eat Monitor Lizards? Culture, Beliefs & Sandha Oil Myths

Monitor lizards may resemble prehistoric reptiles, but in some cultures, they’re part of the human diet. With their scaly appearance and sharp claws, they might seem unlikely menu items — yet they’re consumed in several regions around the world.

So, why do people eat monitor lizards?

From cultural traditions and survival diets to myths around male vitality and natural medicine, the reasons vary. This article explores the real motivations behind eating these reptiles and separates myth from science.

Cultural and Regional Practices

In South Asia — particularly India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh — monitor lizards, known locally as Sandha or Bengali Goyna, are hunted in tribal areas. Their fat is extracted to make Sandha oil, which is believed to boost male stamina and treat joint pain. However, there is no scientific or clinical evidence to support these medicinal claims.

In Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, monitor lizards (often called biawak) are considered delicacies. Dishes such as monitor lizard satay or spicy lizard stew are sold in street markets. Local vendors market the meat as an energy-boosting exotic food, though these claims lack scientific backing.

In West Africa, monitor lizard meat is part of traditional diets in countries like Benin and Burkina Faso. Here, it’s seen as a convenient, wild-caught protein source rather than a remedy. This aligns with bushmeat consumption patterns observed across the region.

In Saudi Arabia and Gulf countries, some desert communities — especially Bedouins — still hunt and consume the desert monitor (Varanus griseus). This is a tradition rooted in ancient desert survival rather than culinary habit.

Meanwhile, in Australia, Aboriginal communities have long hunted species like the Perentie, the largest monitor lizard in the country. These practices are deeply ceremonial and follow sustainable traditions passed down for generations.

Why Do People Eat Monitor Lizards?

There’s no single reason. In tribal and indigenous communities, eating monitor lizards is a way of life. In urban or more modern settings, curiosity and novelty play a part. In regions where meat is scarce or expensive, monitor lizards serve as an accessible, wild source of protein.

Another widespread reason is the belief in the medicinal power of their fat. Sandha oil, in particular, is marketed aggressively as a sexual health booster — even though there’s no clinical evidence to prove any of its alleged effects.

Do People Eat Monitor Lizards? Culture, Beliefs & Sandha Oil Myths

Health and Legal Concerns

Eating monitor lizard meat comes with significant health risks. Wild reptiles can carry bacteria, parasites, and viruses. One of the most dangerous threats is rat lungworm disease — a parasitic infection that can affect the brain and nervous system. Monitor lizards are also known as carriers of Salmonella.

In 2021, a man in Thailand developed a brain infection after eating undercooked monitor lizard meat — a case highlighted in The Ceylone Medical 2005. The informal sale of reptile meat often lacks hygiene oversight, making it even riskier.

Legally, the situation is complicated. Many monitor lizard species are protected under CITES — the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. Hunting or trading them is illegal in several countries. Even in places where it’s legal, enforcement is often weak, putting vulnerable species at risk.

So why do people eat monitor lizards?

The answer lies in a mix of tradition, availability, and persistent myths. While cultural practices vary, the idea that lizard meat or fat offers medical benefits is not supported by science.

Whether consumed for survival, belief, or exotic appeal, the health risks and legal issues associated with eating monitor lizards are real. Respect for cultural heritage is important — but it should not come at the cost of public health or endangered species.

Just because it’s tradition doesn’t mean it’s safe. And just because it’s sold doesn’t mean it’s legal or healthy.